Through tension or hardening of the piriformis muscle, the space in the greater sciatic foramen is reduced, leading to the compression and irritation of the sciatic nerve. Hence it is sometimes referred to as “entrapment syndrome”. The pressure on the sciatic nerve (Nervus Ischiadicus) typically causes symptoms such as back pain or pain in the buttocks, which can radiate down the legs, similar to a herniated disc. If such symptoms occur, you should seek professional medical attention to start the correct treatment.

Piriformis Syndrome can cause various issues:

• Buttock Pain: Pain typically occurs on the one side or body half where the sciatic nerve is affected. The pain may not be localized to one spot, but can radiate down the thigh and into the leg.

• Numbness and Tingling: These symptoms also appear on the affected side. They can spread in the buttock area and along the sciatic nerve, extending into the leg and even reaching the foot.

• Particularly with prolonged sitting or crossing the legs, pain may occur.

• Restricted Movement: Pain can significantly affect movement during activities involving the hip or leg.

If you experience severe pain or even suspect piriformis syndrome, you should consult a doctor. The sooner the issue is addressed, the faster and more effectively it can be resolved. Before diagnosing piriformis syndrome, the doctor will first conduct a detailed interview, in which they will ask about the duration, location, and nature of your pain and symptoms. Also, they will check any situations in which the pain occurs and whether it might be related to preexisting condition, a fall, or an injury. The next step involves a physical examination. The doctor will test the mobility of your hips and look for signs of muscle tension, shortening, restricted movement, or sensory disturbances. For instance, tenderness of the piriformis muscle is a clear indicator of piriformis syndrome.

The treatment of piriformis syndrome includes a combination of conservative and, in more severe cases, invasive methods. “Measures include loosening and stretching to correct asymmetries and imbalances,” says Dr. Kim Tofaute. In severe cases, medical and physiotherapeutic treatments follow, says Kim Tofaute. Here is a list of measures:

If you suffer from piriformis syndrome, it is beneficial to frequently change your sleeping position to relief tension and stimulate blood flow to the muscles. You can sleep on your back or on your side. However, if you experience severe pain, sleeping with the painful side up can help relieve discomfort. Placing a pillow between your legs can also alleviate symptoms. Ensure that your hip and shoulder regions sink into the mattress. It is important to use a mattress that is not too hard to avoid excessive compression of the muscles.

Prevention is better than cure! Therefore, individuals at risk (such as office workers who sit at their desks for many hours every day) should utilize all possible measures to prevent piriformis syndrome from causing pain or movement restrictions. Here are various preventive measures, both active and passive:

• Regular Stretching Exercises: Especially for the hip muscles, to prevent tension.

• Strengthening Exercises: Certain muscle groups in the hip and buttock area can be strengthened to maintain balance between the anterior and posterior muscle groups.

• Ergonomic Furniture: Specially designed cushions or chairs can help relieve muscle strain in the buttock and hip areas.

• Pausen: Those who sit for long periods and remain relatively immobile, such as at a computer or checkout counter, should take regular breaks to stand up, stretch, and move around.

The piriformis muscle is a buttock muscle that externally rotates and stabilizes the extended hip. When the hip is flexed, its function changes to abduct the leg outward. Targeted exercises help stretch and strengthen the tense muscle, making it more resilient without irritating the nerves running beneath it. Take deliberate time for stretching and strengthening exercises. Aim to train approximately two to three times a week to see results. Here are some suitable exercises: